weather stations Baidu Encyclopedia

Weather stations can be divided into: portable weather stations, high-precision weather stations, highway weather stations, forest fire weather stations and campus weather stations, electric power weather stations, photovoltaic weather stations, scenic weather stations, community weather stations according to the use, installation and accuracy.

Portability

summarize

Portable weather station is a portable observation system which is easy to carry, easy to use, with high measurement accuracy and integrating many meteorological elements.The system adopts the new integrated structure design, excellent workmanship, can collect temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, solar radiation, rainfall, barometric pressure, illuminance, soil temperature, soil humidity, dew point and other information and make announcements and trend analysis, the system is divided into wired station and wireless station in two forms, with the software can be realized with the network of remote data transmission and real-time monitoring of the meteorological status of the network, it is a cost-effective and outstanding!It is a small automatic weather station with outstanding cost performance.

Functional Features

1, portable structure design, collector and sensor using integrated design concepts, without installation and disassembly work, out of the box can be measured, can be placed in a variety of on-site environmental monitoring of the use of random locations (fields, bushes, buildings, valleys, etc.), is the most convenient to use the meteorological observation station, the core of the monitoring part of the overall weight of no more than 5KG, highly integrated, compact size, easy to carry, and at the same time, can be configured with a vehicle-mountedTray bracket on the roof of the car for mobile observation, to facilitate the field emergency meteorological services, can effectively ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data.

2, integrated wind direction anemometer, make the volume more compact.Convenient for users to carry the instrument to the use of harsh environments, high measurement accuracy, stability and reliability, the product technical indicators in line with the normative requirements of meteorological observation, can be used according to the need for handheld mode of observation.

3, low power consumption, green energy-saving design, internal energy-saving mode design, if the solar panel power supply mode, can ensure that the long-term use of electricity in areas without electricity; can also be used in the utility or automotive power supply and other ways of power supply.External anti-hazardous environment structure design, in bad weather conditions does not affect the efficiency of the instrument, can be in thunderstorms, wind and snow environment continued uninterrupted work.Dust-proof and moisture-proof level reaches the national standard.

4. The data collection density of 1～60 minutes can be set according to the observation needs;

5. The main collector of the automatic weather station can be connected with multi-channel sensors.Channel up to 10-20.Automatic storage and uploading.

6, a variety of communication methods, RS232/RS485/USB and other standard communication interfaces and PDA, laptop computers and other equipment to read data on the scene, but also to achieve local long-distance (≤ 1000 meters) data communication.

7, the data collector adopts high-performance microprocessor as the main control CPU, large-capacity built-in memory, portable shock-proof structure, industrial control standard design, suitable for use in harsh industrial or field environments, and has a blackout protection function, the stored data will not be lost after the power outage, when the alternating current power outage, power supply from solar panels and rechargeable batteries, can be more than 48 hours of continuous work.

8, automatic weather station monitoring system management software in the WindowsXP or above system environment can run, real-time monitoring and display of all data, connected to the printer to automatically print the stored data, data storage format for EXCEL or PDF standard file format, can generate data charts for other software calls.

9, advanced network base station deployment mode, can realize multi-point weather station network monitoring, can meet the local area network data sharing view, can also be achieved through the GSM / GPRS / CDMA and other wireless networks, remote monitoring; at the same time can be used in the U disk / memory stick and other tools to achieve mobile storage technology.

10, the observation of meteorological elements according to the user's actual needs can be optional, can be freely customized six elements, seven elements, eight elements of automatic weather station.

11. Observation bracket has two kinds of three-legged and vehicle-mounted, made of stainless steel material, bright surface treatment, never rust in the corrosive climate environment, the weight is less than 5KG, easy to carry, exquisite craftsmanship for the site to add a bright spot.

Basic meteorological element

This automatic station can observe the following meteorological elements: ambient temperature, ambient humidity, dew point temperature, wind speed, wind direction, barometric pressure, total solar radiation, rainfall, ground temperature (including surface temperature, shallow ground temperature, deep ground temperature), soil moisture, soil water potential, soil heat flux, evaporation, carbon dioxide, hours of sunshine, direct solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation, earth radiation, net total radiation, environmental gases, a total of 20 data indicators.It can also be flexibly configured according to the user's scientific research needs, and at the same time, it can also be connected with GPS positioning system, QSE101 weather message encoder, GPRS, GSM communication and Modem, etc. It has the features of stable performance, high detection accuracy and unattended operation, and it can satisfy the business requirements of professional meteorological observation.Universities, colleges and universities, scientific research institutions or networking in meteorology, airports, environmental monitoring, transportation, military, agriculture and forestry, hydrology, polar expedition and many other fields.

Weather station characteristics

1. The weather observation bracket as a whole adopts baked porcelain process, has good anti-corrosion, can be operated for a long time in a variety of harsh outdoor environments, the height of the mounting bracket includes 2m, 3m, 6m, 10m, according to different specifications for the installation of meteorological sensors.

2. It has strong networking capability, and can be used for networked data monitoring through LAN or wireless network, LAN can be configured through Modem, fiber optic network, router, etc. Wireless network can be divided into three wireless transmission modes according to the communication distance, namely, short-distance wireless transmission, medium-distance wireless transmission, and long-distance wireless transmission, and in general, it adopts two kinds of transmission modes, i.e. GPRS or GSM, which is suitable for sending and receiving data between cities and other places.It is mainly suitable for sending and receiving data between cities.

3. Automatic weather station management software can be run in WINDOWS98 or above environment, real-time display of each road data, updated every 10 seconds, hourly data automatically stored (storage time can be set), connected to the printer to automatically print the stored data, the data storage capacity of more than one year, the data storage format for the standard format of EXCEL can be used by other software calls. 

4. Automatic weather station dataThe collector adopts high-performance microprocessor as the main control CPU, large-capacity data memory, which can continuously store more than 8,000 data, and at the same time, it can be connected to large-capacity data acquisition card to realize data storage, which is suitable for long-term monitoring under the unmanned state in the field.Industrial control standardized design, portable vibration-proof structure, large screen Chinese character graphic LCD display, light touch membrane keys.Suitable for use in harsh industrial environments.With power failure protection function, when the AC power failure, by the rechargeable battery power supply, can be maintained for more than 48 hours.

5. The system has a variety of power supply modes, AC and DC dual-use or with solar battery power supply, solar battery power up to 15 watts, in the full state can ensure that the weather station for 7 consecutive days of uninterrupted power supply.

6. Reliable three-proof design, protection level up to IP65, perfect lightning, anti-interference and other protective measures.

7. It can be matched with a variety of indoor and outdoor type display.

8. Working environment: temperature: -50～80℃, humidity: 100%, wind resistance level: ≤75m/s.

Forest fire danger

Forest fire is a major enemy of the forest ecosystem, which can burn down large areas of forest and a large amount of forest by-products in a very short time, destroying the structure of the forest stand and the forest environment, destroying the ecological balance of nature, and causing climatic disorders, soil erosion, siltation of rivers, flooding or depletion of water sources.By monitoring the wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and other meteorological factors in the area prone to forest fires, it can prevent the occurrence of forest fires, and guide the staff to carry out rapid and reasonable fire-fighting work when a fire occurs, so as to minimize the loss of people's property.Forest fire risk monitoring station instrument, relying on advanced production equipment, perfect process, reliable military quality system and test equipment, independent research and development of professional fire risk monitoring station.The station on the significant impact of forest fires, fire danger level assessment of several essential observation elements such as atmospheric temperature, atmospheric humidity, daily rainfall, no rainfall days, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure (optional), etc. for automatic observation, the results of the data are stored directly in the collector and processed by the data processor through the indoor display part of the display of the data, and the data will be sent to the center of the station's computer, by theThe data will be sent to the computer of the center station, and the professional processing software for forest fire risk monitoring will do the corresponding data processing, and according to the determination method of each observation factor, the fire risk level will be assessed and the forest fire risk level data will be released. The forest fire weather station is equipped with a complete set of high-performance sensors to monitor wind speed and direction, precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity.It also measures volumetric soil moisture content, soil temperature, solar radiation and many other meteorological parameters related to forest fire prevention.

specificities

1、 Portable integrated structure design, beautiful appearance, easy and simple installation, reliable operation in a variety of harsh field environment.

2、 High precision of data measurement and stable long-term operation.

3、 Data acquisition density can be set freely according to the measurement needs.

4、 Hardware and software are modular open design, flexible combination of use.

5, flexible communication, through the computer to download monitoring data, EXCE or PDF standard format storage files.

6, energy-saving and environmentally friendly design, rechargeable battery power supply (a charging time of more than 48 hours).

Suitable for field operation, and equipped with solar power supply system, suitable for year-round use in areas without electricity.

7, the atmospheric temperature, ambient humidity, dew point temperature, atmospheric pressure, average wind speed and direction, instantaneous wind speed and direction, solar radiation, precipitation, water surface evaporation, wind chill index, ET evaporation evaporation, temperature / humidity / light / wind index, time and so on for the collection, storage, display processing.

8, large-capacity internal data memory, continuous storage of point data for more than 3 months.In order to meet the needs of long-term observation in the field can be connected to the U disk data storage, expanding the data storage space, to achieve multi-factor, intensive data collection, to achieve steady-state data storage.

9, large-screen graphic LCD display, a screen display of all meteorological elements of data and graphics, to facilitate direct observation of the scene, reducing the inconvenience of monitoring data through the computer.

10、Software monitoring collection has the mathematical model of "National Forest Fire Danger Climate Level Standard", realizing real-time online monitoring, event alarm (such as high wind, super bottom humidity, positive point message) and other functions conducive to the prevention of fires.

11、Advanced wireless network communication function, can be divided into short-range wireless digital transmission, medium-range wireless digital transmission, long range wireless digital transmission three kinds of wireless transmission mode, according to the different communication distances.Wireless transmission mode.

(1) Short-distance wireless digital transmission: adopting advanced microwave radio frequency communication transmission module, the communication distance is within the range of 0-300 meters, mainly suitable for data transmission within the field area, short distance range, without any communication cost.

(2) Medium-distance wireless digital transmission mode: adopting radio mode for data transmission, the communication distance is within the range of 0 to 2000 meters, mainly suitable for meteorological monitoring stations, meteorological monitoring centers located far away, not suitable for wired communication transmission, without charging any communication costs, stable data transmission.

(3) Long-distance wireless digital transmission mode: adopting GPRS or GSM two kinds of transmission mode, mainly suitable for sending and receiving data of meteorological stations in the network; GPRS communication mode uses China Mobile to provide high-speed wireless IP or X.25 service for data transmission, suitable for sending meteorological data with large flow rate, with stable and reliable transmission, simple networking, convenient for users with large density of meteorological data collection, and the cost is billed according to the flow rate; GSM is mainly used to transmit data to meteorological monitoring stations and meteorological monitoring centers in remote locations, which is not suitable for wired communication, without charging any communication cost, with stable data transmission.The communication cost is billed according to the flow; GSM communication mode utilizes SMS to transmit data transparently, as long as the area covered by mobile network signals can be digitally transmitted, not subject to the limitations of the geographic environment, which is convenient for the users who have a longer interval of meteorological data collection, and at the same time, it can also be used according to the needs of the users to send the meteorological parameters of the current environment in accordance with specified intervals to the user's set cellular phone number.The communication cost is calculated according to the SMS service tariff of China Mobile.

12、Reliable three-proof design, the protection level reaches IP65 level, perfect lightning strike, anti-interference and other protective measures.

Freeway

Product Overview

Highway automatic meteorological monitoring system consists of a number of highway automatic meteorological stations distributed along the highway network, visibility along the highway, wind direction, wind speed, air temperature, humidity, rainfall, road surface conditions (surface temperature, dry and wet conditions, icing), etc. Automatic monitoring, and the monitoring information is transmitted to the monitoring center in a timely manner for the reference of the traffic control system, and under the adverse or extreme meteorological conditions, warning information can be issued in a timely manner to inform the management and drivers in order to improve the level of safe driving in many ways.In case of bad or extreme weather conditions, it can send out warning messages in time and inform the management and drivers in various ways, so as to improve the safe driving level of the highway.

The system consists of highway automatic weather station, data transmission, data processing application center and road warning.The meteorological elements that can be observed by the highway automatic weather station include conventional meteorological elements (wind, temperature, humidity, rain), visibility and road surface conditions (road surface temperature, dry and wet conditions, icing, etc.).The visibility observation adopts scattering visibility meter, whose measurement range is from 10 to 20,000m, with accuracy of ±10% (less than 1000m) and 20% (more than 1000m), and resolution of 10m. The configuration of the highway automatic weather station is flexible, and all kinds of observational sensors can be flexibly taken according to the demand.

Collector+Visibility+Temperature+Humidity+Wind Speed and Direction+Rain+Barometric Pressure+Road Condition+Power Supply System+Communication System+Installation Accessories

Weather station characteristics

Able to fog, road icing, snow and other highway monitoring elements required for real-time monitoring and alarm, can be integrated into the highway information management processing system

Technical characteristics

1. Horizontal placement structure design, easy and quick installation, does not take up road space.

2. The sensor has high measurement accuracy, can ensure long-term stable operation under various harsh environmental conditions, with waterproof, lightning and other safety protection measures.

3. Data collection density can be set.

4. Flexible communication mode, download monitoring data with microcomputer, EXCEL format storage file. 

5. Energy-saving design, rechargeable battery power supply (a charging time of more than 72 hours), suitable for field operation, can also be equipped with solar panels, suitable for year-round use in areas without electricity. 

6. Visibility + temperature + humidity + wind speed and direction + rain + barometric pressure + road conditions + time and other collection, storage, display processing.

7. Large-capacity data memory, continuous storage of whole point data for more than 6 months.

8. Large-screen graphic LCD display, a screen display all the weather elements data and graphics, easy to observe directly on-site, reducing the inconvenience of monitoring data through the computer to bring.

9. With wireless network communication function, with wireless communicator through the GSM network can realize the long-distance network monitoring or telemetry data off-site.Unrestricted by distance, each meteorological monitoring network point is equipped with a wireless communication port, and the main control microcomputer of the meteorological center monitoring station carries out unified monitoring of the data of all meteorological stations in the network points, so as to achieve the integration of meteorological data and statistics of the whole network points.The communication cost is billed according to the cell phone SMS charging standard.

Areas of application

It is suitable for monitoring the meteorological and environmental conditions of highways, bridges, tunnels and airport runways.

Campus

System Overview

Weather changes are closely related to the work and life of human beings and have a great impact, and the research, mastery and use of atmospheric science by human beings have been raised to a new level, and the dissemination of meteorological knowledge to young people and the education of meteorological science have been placed in a correspondingly important position.Elementary school "science" opened up a unit of curriculum volume, arranged 8 hours, highlighting the "various types of weather", "observation of the weather" and "weather and life" three major themes, so thatStudents recognize several common weather phenomena, and are inspired to use tools to measure temperature, wind direction and wind force, so that they can understand the close relationship between weather and people's lives. High school Geography uses one unit to introduce the weather phenomena of wind, frost, rain and snow produced by atmospheric movement and phase change of water, so as to enable students to grasp the many forms of the earth's surface, the colorful living world, and the natural environment on which human beings depend for survival and development.The students will be able to learn about the natural environment on which human beings depend for their survival and development.The article "Seeing Clouds and Knowing the Weather" in the junior high school textbook uses artistic techniques to graphically depict the relationship between the shapes and characteristics of the three families, ten genera and twenty-nine types of clouds and the changes in the weather.

In order to optimize the campus environment for science and technology education, to improve the scientific and technological awareness of young students, to enliven the after-school life of students, to enhance their ability to make practical observations in geography, and also to meet the practical needs of geography teaching, a professional campus meteorological observation station has been developed and researched.

Establishing a weather station on campus not only enables students to master the basic methods of weather observation, but more importantly, it can stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in learning natural geography and understanding more about meteorological science.

Campus weather station consists of a variety of sensors and automatic weather station monitors, sensor types can be selected by the user within a certain range to meet the needs of different users, but also through the expansion of the interface to choose to connect personal computers, printers, controllers, and other equipment, so that the entire system greatly enhances the function.

Technical characteristics

1, the product is divided into two kinds of standard station or professional station, which is convenient for long-term meteorological data observation.

2、High measurement accuracy.

3, data collection density can be set according to the observation needs.

4, flexible communication mode, the use of wired and wireless two kinds of data communication technology, widely used wireless campus pass technology for meteorological data transmission, this kind of communication technology can ensure that the meteorological data in the campus of 300 meters effective transmission, data transmission is reliable, easy to configure.

5、Energy-saving design, rechargeable battery power supply (a charging time of more than 24 hours), can also be equipped with solar panels, to ensure that the long-term use of powerless areas.

6, the atmospheric temperature, ambient humidity, dew point temperature, atmospheric pressure, average wind speed and direction, instantaneous wind speed and direction, ultraviolet irradiation, precipitation, soil temperature and other conventional meteorological elements such as collection, storage, display processing. At the same time with the heat index, wind chill index, ultraviolet index, wind level monitoring.

7, large-capacity data memory, continuous storage of more than 8000 whole point data.

8, large-screen graphic LCD display, a screen display all the weather elements data and graphics, easy to observe directly on the scene, reducing the inconvenience of monitoring data through the computer to you.

9, the weather monitoring data can be synchronized uploaded to the school website, convenient for students, teachers and residents around the campus to view, timely understanding of the weather changes.

Heat index:

The heat index is the true temperature felt by the human body in a hot and humid environment.When the human body is in a high temperature environment, the body will automatically regulate the body to achieve a more comfortable temperature, in which the body heat dissipation mechanism is sweating, in the sweat evaporation process will consume heat energy, so the purpose of sweating is to promote the evaporation, and then consume the heat energy of our body.So the purpose of sweating is to promote evaporation, and then consume the heat energy of our body to make us feel cooler.

When the temperature is high and the humidity is low, the human body sweat will soon be evaporated; on the contrary, in the case of high temperature and high humidity is also high, the evaporation rate of human sweat back to slow down a lot, when the temperature due to the humidity to maintain the rise or the human body for a long time in the sweat can not be evaporated in the case of the body, there will be cramps, heat exhaustion or even heat stroke occurs.

This index can only be used as a reference, this is because different people have different levels of acclimatization to heat.

Wind Chill Index:

When the weather is cold and windy, the heat generated by the human body will be quickly carried away by the wind, so the human body will feel the temperature is lower than the actual temperature.This perceived temperature is called the Wind Chill Index (WCI).The wind chill index is affected by temperature and wind speed. If the wind chill index is low, prolonged exposure to the outdoors should be avoided in order to avoid the danger of excessive loss of body heat.